My current research project, Generations: Modern Pueblo Painting, focuses on artistic families in the American Southwest beginning circa 1915. Modern in this context means “secular” art (non-ceremonial paintings whose subject matter is usually ceremonial) that embodies both indigenous intentionality and strategies for negotiating with the dominant culture. I am studying the work of several distinguished families, especially Tonita Peña (San Ildefonso-Cochiti) and her son, Joe H. Herrera, who transformed Native painting at mid-century by synthesizing indigenous pictorial traditions with Cubism and Art Deco. My method combines biography, connoisseurship, and historiography to produce an “Indian-centered” cultural history of Southwestern modernism.